<p>Spring Mills Historic District is a national historic district located near Martinsburg, Berkeley County, West Virginia. It encompasses five contributing buildings, constructed between about 1790 and 1922, and two contributing sites. They include the Falling Waters Presbyterian Church  and Manse  and Stephen Hammond Mill , Miller&#39;s House , and Spring House . The buildings are of masonry construction. The sites are the Falling Waters Presbyterian Church Cemetery and the site of Dr. Allen Hammonds House.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Jones Mill Run Historic District is a national historic district located near Martinsburg, Berkeley County, West Virginia. It encompasses one contributing building, one contributing site, and two contributing structures. They are the Thomas Swearingen House ; site of the mill, including the stone foundation and head and tail races; and the double stone bridge.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Swearingen House is a small limestone building in the Georgian style. Not only is it one of Berkeley County&#39;s oldest stone houses, but it has a unique fireplace that sits halfway out from the wall, rather than flat with the wall as with other stone houses in the county.</p><br>
<p>It is the site of the first mill in West Virginia, built before 1734. When John Vanmeter received a King&#39;s Patent for the land in 1734 in what was then Virginia, the mill was already built. The nine-acre site is on Jones Mill Run, a tributary of the Potomac River.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Santora is a historic commercial building located in Downtown Historic District of Santa Ana, California. It now houses art galleries, retail stores, and restaurants.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed by Frank Lansdowne, one of the premier architects of the region, and groundbreaking on it took place on July 7, 1928. It is in the California Churrigueresque style of Spanish Colonial Revival architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Santora is listed in the National Register of Historic Places, and its record number is 386426.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>From 1934 until 1944, Daninger&#39;s Tea Room occupied the rooms on the second floor, southwest corner. The restaurant was famous for its home cooked meals and pleasant atmosphere, and attracted a clientele that included Hollywood celebrities Jack Benny, Milton Berle, Billie Burke, Charles Ruggles, Connie Haines, Lucille Ball, Gracie Allen, George</p><br>
<p>Burns, Joan Davis, Rosalind Russell, Robert Young, William Holden and Alan Ladd, all of whom signed the guest book.</p><br>
<p>After a period of decline in Santa Ana&#39;s downtown the Santora resurged as an arts complex where a number of different artists moved in including Joseph Musil and his Salon of the Art Deco Theaters. Musil was a set designer for the Walt Disney company and worked on the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood.</p><br>
<p>Green Hill Cemetery Historic District is a national historic district located at Martinsburg, Berkeley County, West Virginia. The 15 acre site encompasses two contributing buildings, one contributing site, and 22 contributing objects. The rural cemetery was designed in 1854 by David Hunter Strother modeled on a French cemetery. It includes a Neoclassical Revival style mausoleum  and a Shingle Style caretaker&#39;s lodge . The cemetery includes a number of notable monuments, as well as the graves of Strother and his family.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Burials within the cemetery include that of actor Robert Barrat (1889–1970), George Meade Bowers (1863–1925), a Representative from 1916 to 1923 and David Hunter Strother (1816–1888), a noted artist, journalist and brevet brigadier general in the Union Army.</p><br>
<p>Downtown Martinsburg Historic District is a national historic district located at Martinsburg, Berkeley County, West Virginia. It encompasses 281 contributing buildings. It includes government and industrial buildings, several schools, firehouses, and churches, the two main commercial and professional areas along Queen and King Streets, a major hospital, and surrounding residential areas. The buildings reflect a number of popular 19th-century architectural styles including Gothic Revival, Italianate, and Queen Anne.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The Wallace Pratt Lodge was the summer residence of Wallace Pratt, the principal donor of the lands that would become Guadalupe Mountains National Park. Pratt was a petroleum geologist employed by the Humble Oil Company, scouting for oilfield leases in west Texas. Pratt visited the Guadalupe Mountains in 1921, and taking a liking to the place, he bought a quarter share of the McCombs Ranch. In 1929 Pratt bought out his partners, ending up owning a large portion of the canyon, which featured waterfalls flowing over travertine dams, a lush, quiet place in the high desert.</p><br>
<p>In the winter of 1931-1932 Pratt started construction of a house in the canyon, designed by noted Houston architect John F. Staub, who also designed the Pratts Houston residence. In charge of construction was Vance Phenix, Staubs former employee and residential architect. Vance&#39;s brother Dean, a carpenter, and stonemason Adolph May were key craftsmen on the project. The cabin was built of local limestone and heart pine.</p><br>
<p>The Pratt family spent summers at the cabin, which they called the Stone Cabin, and briefly lived there during Wallace Pratts early retirement. An earlier experience being trapped at the Stone Cabin during a flood caused Pratt to reconsider its use as a full-time residence, so a second home, the Ship On The Desert, was constructed outside of the canyon. At some time during construction, probably in 1945, The Stone Cabin was used as a residence by the Ship On the Deserts New York architect, Newton Bevin, and his wife Elizabeth.</p><br>
<p>After moving to Tucson, Arizona, Pratt donated the Stone Cabin, the Ship On the Desert, and surrounding lands of more than 5,000 acre to the National Park Service, forming the nucleus of Guadalupe Mountains National Park.</p><br>
<p>The cabin was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 26, 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Holcombe Site, also known as Holcombe Beach, in Sterling Heights, Michigan, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1970.</p><br>
<h2>Site discovery</h2><br>
<p>In 1961, amateur archaeologists Jerome DeVisscher and Edward J. Wahla discovered evidence of an ancient settlement at this site. Later radiocarbon dating of hearth elements determined the site to be an 11,000-year-old Paleo-Indian settlement.</p><br>
<h2>Historical description of the site</h2><br>
<p>The Holcombe site was situated on what was, at the time it was occupied, the strandline of a small glacial lake that probably drained into nearby Lake Algonquin. Arrowheads, flint chips, and bone fragments were recovered, indicating that these Paleo-Indians hunted Barren-ground Caribou, a species particularly adapted to the tundra-like conditions that existed at the time. The site yielded evidence of the Indigenous people&#39;s change in culture and subsistence as the climate in the area changed.</p><br>
<p>Abbott Hospital is a former hospital building in the Stevens Square neighborhood of Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. The hospital was originally built in 1910, with several additions up until 1958. The hospital eventually merged with Northwestern Hospital in 1970 to form Abbott Northwestern Hospital, and the Abbott Hospital building closed in 1980.</p><br>
<p>While the Abbott Hospital building is a contributing property to the Stevens Square Historic District, a separate listing was desired for the hospital because of its significance within the development of the health care system in Minneapolis. For that reason, a separate nomination was prepared and submitted, and the hospital was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 1, 2011.</p><br>
<h2>Founding</h2><br>
<p>Dr. Amos W. Abbott was born in 1844 in India, the son of missionary parents from New Hampshire. He moved to Minneapolis in 1877, where his sister lived. He maintained a private practice, and in 1887, he started renting houses where he could treat patients. He was never able to treat more than eight patients at a time, though. He practiced at Saint Barnabas Hospital, Saint Marys Hospital, and Northwestern Hospital, but never was able to provide boarding for those patients. In 1902, he founded Abbotts Hospital for Women in a large house in the Stevens Square neighborhood. In 1910, he was able to establish his own hospital building with the backing of William Dunwoody, a wealthy businessman. Dunwoodys wife Kate had been one of Abbotts patients.</p><br>
<h2>Construction history</h2><br>
<p>The building was constructed in five sections, each of which reflects the health care practices of the times in which they were built.</p><br>
<h3>Dunwoody</h3><br>
<p>The original section of the hospital was named after William Hood Dunwoody. It was designed by architect William Channing Whitney and built in 1910. As originally built, the main entrance was a two-story brick and stone portico, with the doors on the porch on the second story. The main entrance was later relocated and the stairway was later removed.</p><br>
<p>The original building had only 30 beds, so Dr. Abbott was able to personally oversee all of the patients. His motto was, “Make the patients comfortable and make them feel at home.” There were no communal wards. Instead, patients had single- and double-occupancy rooms. The Minneapolis Journal commented on the hospital&#39;s “sun rooms, silent signal systems, spacious corridors, pleasing decorations and light and air in abundance.”</p><br>
<p>Dunwoody owned the building and the land. When he died in 1914, he left the hospital with a $100,000 endowment and transferred ownership of the property to Westminster Presbyterian Church.</p><br>
<h3>Janney Children&#39;s Pavilion</h3><br>
<p>The first addition to the structure was the Janney Children&#39;s Pavilion, named after Thomas B. Janney, who funded its construction. This addition was four stories in height and had a flat roof. It was built in 1919-1920 and designed by William Kenyon and Francis Maine. When this section was built, the main entrance of the hospital was relocated to a recessed doorway on the first story of the west facade. Unlike the Dunwoody building, the Janney addition had a flat roof and a more modern design, resembling the style, massing, and setback of the apartment buildings around Stevens Square.</p><br>
<p>The demand for pediatrics and obstetrics had been expanding. The pediatric unit had been located on the south side of the second floor of the Dunwoody building, but it often overflowed into other areas. At this time, there were four pediatricians working in the hospital: Dr. Julius Sedgwick, Dr. Nate Pearce, Dr. Rood Taylor, and Dr. Frederick C. Rodda. The Childrens Pavilion was announced at a board of trustees meeting in September 1919, when Janney provided a donation estimated between $200,000 and $330,000. Janney was another successful Minneapolis businessman. He was a founder of the hardware firm Janney, Semple, Hill and Company, and he also was president of Farmers and Mechanics Savings Bank and a director of Northwestern National Bank. When the addition was complete, the hospital had a capacity of 100 beds.</p><br>
<h3>Wyman</h3><br>
<p>The Wyman addition was an expansion built in 1938 and named after its major donor, Oliver C. Wyman. It was designed by Magney and Tusler, a prominent Minnesota architecture firm. Oliver C. Wyman was the president of Wyman, Partridge, and Company, as well as chairman of the board of directors at Northwestern National Bank and a vice president and trustee at Farmers and Mechanics Savings Bank. Through these connections, Janney and Wyman became friends, and Janney convinced Wyman to make a large donation in his will to Abbott Hospital. When he died in 1923, he left $500,000 to the trustees to be used at their “discretion for the erection of a General Hospital to stand connected with those created by his friends.”</p><br>
<p>The hospital had some financial difficulties in expanding, however. The previous administration of the hospital had not kept any set of business records, and no one at the hospital was skilled in business administration. In 1922, Westminster&#39;s Hospital Committee took notice, and decided to install a proper set of bookkeeping and administration at the hospital. They hired a business manager, and in 1925, they handed over management of the hospital to a committee of doctors and administrators. Dr. Abbott was named chief of staff in June 1925. He remained in this role for a short time before his death in February 1927, at the age of 83.</p><br>
<p>Because of the financial difficulties, the trustees were cautious about expansion. Victor Anderson, the business manager, had proposed a 200- to 250-bed facility in 1927, but the projected construction costs were higher than expected. A study of the potential use of the new space, presented in October 1930, revealed that Minneapolis had too many hospital beds after a construction boom in the 1920s. In 1936, the demand for hospital beds had become favorable enough to build a new wing to the hospital. Magney and Tusler reworked some earlier plans to meet the latest standards in hospital architecture, while retaining a harmonious appearance on the outside by using brick similar to the Dunwoody and Janney wings and by using similar size and massing to the nearby apartment buildings. The Wyman wing was completed in September 1938 and added sixty beds to the hospital. The first floor of the addition was devoted to administrative and staff functions, and also contained the kitchen and dining rooms for the entire hospital. The second and third floors housed patient rooms, and the fourth floor had four operating rooms, an X-ray lab, and other laboratories.</p><br>
<h3>Janney Pavilion Addition</h3><br>
<p>Magney and Tusler returned to design the Janney Pavilion Addition in 1954. The corridor between Dunwoody and the Janney Children&#39;s Pavilion was expanded, and an addition was completed on the south side of the Dunwoody building.</p><br>
<h3>Stevens Addition</h3><br>
<p>In 1957, the final hospital addition was completed. This was designed by Magney, Tusler and Setter, which had gained an additional partner. The section was built on the east end of the Wyman building and named for Stevens Avenue South, which borders the east side of the property.</p><br>
<h2>Later history</h2><br>
<p>In 1964, the Westminster Presbyterian Church voted to transfer the ownership of the hospital to a new corporation, known as Abbott Hospital Incorporated. The church made this decision to prevent the church from loss of its assets or property in case of a disaster at the hospital.</p><br>
<p>In 1970, Abbott Hospital merged with Northwestern Hospital, but did not consolidate their facilities until 1980. The plan resulted from an analysis that the separate campuses needed improvements. By consolidating facilities, the combined corporation could gain greater operating efficiency. The construction costs were projected at $24 million, and other costs were projected at $14 million. The Abbott campus was too small to continue supporting its level of services effectively, and a fairly large expansion would have been necessary.</p><br>
<p>The Ebenezer Society agreed in 1978 to buy the main Abbott building and operate it as a nursing home, as well as providing other programs for the elderly. Those programs ceased in 2004 after which the building sat abandoned.</p><br>
<p>After a failed attempt to renovate the building into a condominium tower, work began in 2012 to renovate the original building into apartments. Now called the Historic Abbott Apartments, residents began moving in 2014.</p><br>
<p>The Wallace E. Pratt House, also known as Ship on the Desert , was the residence of Wallace Pratt in what is now Guadalupe Mountains National Park in far western Texas. Pratt, a petroleum geologist for the Humble Oil & Refining Company, had previously built the Wallace Pratt Lodge in McKittrick Canyon a couple of miles to the north in the Guadalupe Mountains. Finding the cabin site to be remote and prone to being cut off by flooding, Pratt started construction of a new, modern residence on the east slope of the mountains. Work on the residence started in 1941. The house was designed by Long Island architect Newton Bevin, who lived for a time at the site with his wife, and built by contractor Ed Birdsall. Work was stopped by World War II, but resumed in 1945 and was completed the same year. In contrast to Pratts rustic canyon cabin, the house, which Pratt named the Ship On The Desert, is an International Style house with horizontal lines and extensive glazing. Only 16 ft wide and 110 ft long, the house provides broad views to the east over the plains and the west to the mountains. The majority of the house is on a single level, with a "captains bridge" over the dining room giving access to a rooftop terrace. A detached garage contained a guest bedroom. Apart from glass, the predominant material was local limestone in several shades.</p><br>
<p>Pratt and his wife, Iris, lived at the Ship On The Desert until 1963, when Pratt&#39;s health dictated a move to Tucson, Arizona. The house was donated to the new park along with 5,632 acre of lands in the northern part of the proposed park by the Pratts between 1959 and 1961. It was used as a residence for National Park Service employees. The house is occasionally open for tours sponsored by the National Park Service.</p><br>
<p>The house was featured on the National Trust for Historic Preservation&#39;s 2018 list of most-endangered historic locations. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 15, 2011.</p><br>
<p>Campton Town Hall a historic building in Wasco, Illinois. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Campton Town Hall has been operating continuously since 1874, primarily as the administrative offices for Campton Township in Kane County, Illinois. Settlers first arrived in Campton Township in 1835 and originally held town meetings in the home of Ever Chafee. The meeting place later bounced between different schools before the local citizens decided to construct a township meeting hall in 1874. This was an unusual step, as most unincorporated, rural areas of the time only held meetings in schools. A parade was held for the structure in 1935 in honor of its service. In 1975, plans for a new town hall were drawn and the Campton Town Hall was in danger of demolition, primarily due to its lack of heating and sanitation. However, the locals were able raise enough money to install these facilities in the building, and the town hall continued to serve the community. On November 24, 1980, the U. S. Department of the Interior recognized the Campton Town Hall as a Historic Place.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building is rectangular with a wood frame and riverstone foundation. The frame is covered in 6 inch clapboard painted white. Sets of three four-over-four windows are on the north and south. The east side of the hall is the entrance and faces Town Hall Street just south of Illinois Route 64. The pair of doors each have four panels and sit under individual transoms. Originally, the building had a wood platform on this exposure, but this was replaced with concrete steps around 1940. The original chimney was altered to a two-flue chimney to allow for a heating system. Louver vents were also installed on the east and west around this time. The original roof had cedar shingles, but these were replaced with grey asphalt shingles.</p><br>
<p>The interior has 15 ft ceilings above pine flooring. wooden wainscotting is present up to 3 ft above the floor and is painted glaucous. Doors and windows are trimmed with 2.5 inch wood moulding. There is a chimney on the west wall. A door was added on the west wall during restoration to allow access to the utility room.</p><br>
<p>The 52nd Place Historic District is a historic district consisting of American Craftsman-style homes in the Central-Alameda neighborhood of South Los Angeles, California. African Americans became the dominant demographic group in the district beginning around 1930, and many leaders of the community resided here. The period of significance is 1930-1958, when a number of African-American neighborhood institutions were founded.</p><br>
<p>The district has been defined as including 37 contributing buildings and seven non-contributing buildings. The contributing buildings are one-story Craftsman houses designed and built by Tifal brothers between 1911 and 1914. The characteristic feature of the contributing buildings include "low-pitched gabled roofs with overhanging eaves and exposed rafter tails, front porches and chimneys made of brick or river rock, and multi-paned wood-framed casement windows." The district is located on 52nd Place between McKinley Avenue on the east and Avalon Boulevard on the west and lies just east of the South Park neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009 pursuant to the registration requirements for residential districts set forth in a multiple property submission study, the African Americans in Los Angeles MPS. When first built, the district had all white residents. During the early 20th century, numerous African Americans began moving to California as part of the Great Migration. By 1930 African Americans had become the dominant demographic group in the district. The district is also significant for its association with important African-American figures who lived in this area during its period of significance.</p><br>
<p>For instance, singer Ivie Anderson lived at 724 E. 52nd Place from 1930 until 1945. Anderson performed with Duke Ellingtons band from 1931 to 1942 and recorded the vocals on several hit recordings, including "It Dont Mean a Thing (If It Aint Got That Swing)" (1932), "Stormy Weather" (1933), "Rose of the Rio Grande" (1938), and "I Got It Bad and That Aint Good" (1941). Civil rights activists and journalists, Joseph and Charlotta Bass, lived at 697 E. 52nd Place in the 1930s. Charlotta Bass owned and operated the California Eagle, the largest African-American newspaper on the West Coast, from 1912 to 1951.</p><br>
<p>Other contributing buildings listed in the district are the Angelus Funeral Home, Lincoln Theater, Second Baptist Church, 28th Street YMCA, Prince Hall Masonic Temple, 27th Street Historic District, and two historic all-black segregated fire stations (Fire Station No. 14 and Fire Station No. 30).</p><br>
<p>The 27th Street Historic District is a historic district in the South Los Angeles area of Los Angeles, California. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009 as part of the multiple property submission for African Americans in Los Angeles.</p><br>
<h2>Location and buildings</h2><br>
<p>The 27th Street Historic District is centered on the intersection of East 27th Street and Paloma Avenue, one block to the west of Central Avenue. The district contains 43 contributing buildings and 13 non-contributing buildings. It extends south along Paloma Avenue to East 29th Street.</p><br>
<h3>Residential buildings</h3><br>
<p>The vast majority of the contributing buildings are private residences, including many Victorian Queen Anne style houses dating from the 1890s and 1900s. Other contributing buildings in the district include homes in the Colonial Revival and Transitional Craftsman styles. The districts notable residential structures include the following:</p><br>
<p>901 E. 27th Street – Victorian Queen Anne style house constructed in 1895</p><br>
<p>909 E. 27th Street – Victorian Queen Anne style house constructed in 1895</p><br>
<p>912 E. 27th Street – Victorian Queen Anne style house constructed in 1895</p><br>
<p>913–915 E. 27th Street – Colonial Revival style duplex constructed in 1922</p><br>
<p>920 E. 27th Street – Transitional Craftsman style house constructed in 1905</p><br>
<p>921 E. 27th Street - Victorian Queen Anne style house constructed in 1895</p><br>
<p>925 E. 27th Street – Colonial Revival style house constructed in 1895</p><br>
<p>1002 E. 27th Street – Victorian Queen Anne style house constructed in 1895</p><br>
<p>1008 E. 27th Street – One-story turn-of-the-century cottage built in 1901</p><br>
<p>1014 E. 27th Street – Victorian Queen Anne style house constructed in 1895</p><br>
<p>1017 E. 27th Street – Cottage with Victorian detailing constructed in 1895</p><br>
<p>1020 E. 27th Street – Victorian Queen Anne style house constructed in 1915</p><br>
<p>1023 E. 27th Street – Cottage with Victorian detailing constructed in 1898</p><br>
<p>1013 E. 28th Street – Transitional Craftsman style house constructed in 1912</p><br>
<p>1014 E. 28th Street – Victorian Queen Anne style house constructed in 1893</p><br>
<p>1001 E. 29th Street – American Foursquare style home constructed in 1895</p><br>
<h3>Institutional buildings</h3><br>
<p>The district also includes two extant church buildings, now known as the Crouch Memorial Church of God and Christ and the Nueva Iglesia Bautista en Cristo, and a historically significant YMCA building. As noted in the registration form supporting the inclusion of the two church buildings as contributing structures in the historic district, the two extant church buildings "are typical of those along the Central Avenue corridor in that they have been occupied by several congregations, reflecting the changing demographics of the neighborhood."</p><br>
<h4>Crouch Memorial Church</h4><br>
<p>The 27th Street Historic District includes the Crouch Memorial Church of God and Christ, a Romanesque Revival style church located at the northeast corner of E. 27th Street and Paloma Avenue. It was built from 1895 to 1896 for the Haven Methodist Episcopal Church. In the early 1900s, the church was a center of the citys prohibition movement. In October 1902, the church hosted a speech by a member of the Anti-Saloon League. In July and November 1902, the church was the site of all-day meetings of the citys federation of Women&#39;s Christian Temperance Unions. The Haven Methodist congregation celebrated 20 years on the site in September 1915 with anniversary and homecoming services. In the early 1920s, as the demographics of the neighborhood changed, the Haven Methodist congregation moved to a new location on South Normandie, and the church building at 21st and Paloma was sold to the Beth Eden Baptist Temple, an African-American congregation. In August 1925, the 34th annual convention of the Western Baptist Association drew several hundred delegates from 48 "colored Baptist churches" in Southern California to Beth Eden. In July 1927, the relocated Haven Methodist congregation became the first church in Los Angeles to file a bankruptcy petition. The Los Angeles Times reported that the congregation had been divided by ultra-modernism and "circus ballyhoo" methods. The church has been affiliated with the Church of God in Christ as Crouch Memorial Church since about 1950.</p><br>
<p>On the morning of October 8, 2013, a fire started from a wall heater in the Mother L. O. Hale Prayer Room and quickly spread up the wall and into the attic. By the time the fire was extinguished the ceiling and the roof were completely destroyed, but the exterior walls and the floor remained standing. The national headquarters of the Church of God in Christ instructed the congregations that the church should be restored. After an engineering assessment was completed it was determined by the HPOZ Planning Department that there was enough left to restore the building. Plans to restore the Historic church are in the hands of the Los Angeles City Planning Department and the approval process is in the final stage to restore the building to its original architecture.</p><br>
<h4>Nueva Iglesia Bautista en Cristo</h4><br>
<p>The second contributing church building in the district is now known as the Nueva Iglesia Bautista en Cristo, a Gothic Revival structure located at the northeast corner of East 28th Street and Paloma Avenue. The structure was built in 1906 for the Salem Congregational Church, a congregation serving the white population that initially settled in the neighborhood. The church as dedicated in May 1906 with seating for 1,000 persons and, according to the Los Angeles Times, "everything being modern and up-to-date." In 1911, the Salem Congregational Church successfully lobbied for an ordinance permitting the display of "moving pictures" in churches after the pastor, Rev. B. H. Reutepohler, hit upon a play to illustrate his Sunday evening sermons with motion pictures. After the ordinance passed, Salem Congregational became the first church in Los Angeles to take advantage of the new law. The church building was purchased in January 1917 by a group of Armenian Congregationalists and was renamed the Armenian Gethsemane Congregational Church. From 1917 to 1944, the church served the influx of Armenian immigrants in the area. In October 1942, the church hosted the 56th Annual Convention of the Los Angeles Association of Congregational Churches. In 1944, the church building was sold to an African-American congregation and was renamed the E. 28th Street Christian Church. Since 2003, the church building is operated as a Spanish-language church, the Nueva Iglesia Bautista en Cristo, serving the neighborhood&#39;s Hispanic population.</p><br>
<h4>28th Street YMCA</h4><br>
<p>The 28th Street YMCA, listed separately on the National Register of Historic Places, also lies within the borders of the 27th Street Historic District. The YMCA building, sometimes referred to in its early years as the "Colored YMCA", was built in 1926 based on a design by the African American architect Paul R. Williams. The YMCA provided a swimming pool for use by the African American community in an era when the city&#39;s public swimming pools were racially segregated.</p><br>
<h2>Historic significance</h2><br>
<p>The 27th Street Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009 pursuant to the registration requirements for residential districts set forth in a multiple property submission study, the African Americans in Los Angeles MPS.</p><br>
<p>The Central Avenue Corridor became the cultural and business hub of the African-American community in Los Angeles from the 1920s to the 1950s. Other buildings along this corridor which were listed pursuant to the African Americans in Los Angeles MPS include the Lincoln Theater (located a short walk from the district on Central Avenue), Second Baptist Church (located four blocks north of the district along Griffith Avenue), Prince Hall Masonic Temple, 52nd Place Historic District, and two historic all-black segregated fire stations (Fire Station No. 14 and Fire Station No. 30).</p><br>
<p>Fire Station No. 14 is a historic fire station in the South Los Angeles region of Los Angeles, California. The three-story structure was designed by Earl T. Heitschmidt in the International style and was built in 1949.</p><br>
<p>The structure was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009 pursuant to the registration requirements for fire stations set forth in a multiple property submission study, the African Americans in Los Angeles MPS. It was the second of two all-black segregated fire stations in Los Angeles. According to the Registration Form supporting the station&#39;s listing on the National Register, "All-black fire stations were simultaneous representations of racial segregation and sources of community pride."</p><br>
<p>Fire Station No. 30, Engine Company No. 30 is a historic fire station and engine company in the South Los Angeles area of Los Angeles, California. Built in 1913, its white firemen served a predominantly white neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>The demographics became more mixed in the 1920s, and in 1924 the firehouse was segregated. By 1930 the neighborhood was predominately black. Only Black firemen served here until 1956, when the department was integrated. Now the neighborhood is predominantly Hispanic.</p><br>
<p>Closed in 1980, the building was adapted for use as the African American Firefighter Museum (AAFFM). The AAFFM features vintage fire equipment and apparatus, memorabilia, histories and photos of pioneering African-American firefighters in Los Angeles. Other displays include photos, artifacts and memorabilia of African American firefighters, officers and historical women fire service professionals from around the country. The Museum is open to the public and is strictly volunteer and donation driven.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The two-story structure was designed in the Prairie School style and was built in 1913.</p><br>
<p>The structure was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009 pursuant to the registration requirements for fire stations set forth in a multiple property submission study, the African Americans in Los Angeles MPS. It was the first of two all-black segregated fire stations in Los Angeles. Fire Station No. 30, and its resident Engine Company No. 30, was segregated in 1924. It remained segregated until 1956, when the Los Angeles Fire Department was integrated. According to the registration form supporting the station&#39;s listing on the National Register, "All-black fire stations were simultaneous representations of racial segregation and sources of community pride."</p><br>
<p>Other buildings listed pursuant to the same African Americans in Los Angeles MPS include Fire Station No. 14 (the second all-black segregated fire station in Los Angeles), Angelus Funeral Home, Lincoln Theater, Second Baptist Church, 28th Street YMCA, Prince Hall Masonic Temple, 52nd Place Historic District, 27th Street Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Brockman Building is a 12-story Beaux-Arts, Classical, and Romanesque Revival style building located on 7th Street in Downtown Los Angeles.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1912, the Brockman Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009. The building was built in 1912 for John Brockman (1841-1925) and designed by George D. Barnett (1863-c. 1925) of Barnett, Haynes & Barnett. The Brockman Building was the first building west of the Broadway Commercial District to reach the city&#39;s 150-foot height limit.</p><br>
<p>In 1917 J. J. Haggarty, a large department store-style apparel retailer moved from Broadway to occupy the ground floor.</p><br>
<h3>Role in the film Safety Last!</h3><br>
<p>The roof of the Brockman Building was used for the 1923 Harold Lloyd film, Safety Last!, but the Brockman itself is not seen in the movie, but rather, the ten-floor International Savings & Exchange Bank Building at Spring and Temple. Although the two buildings look nothing alike, this erroneous understanding has appeared in numerous sources, including The Los Angeles Times, Daily Variety, Los Angeles Business Journal, and countless real estate websites.</p><br>
<p>The International Savings Building was used for all of the long shots showing Lloyd’s character scaling its exterior. Medium and close shots were executed using a full-scale replica of two floors of the International Savings Building’s façade, placed on a platform on the rooftop of the L. L. Burns Western Costume Co. building at 908 S. Broadway – making it appear that Lloyd’s character was hanging up to 12 stories over the sidewalk. (A similar method was used for 1921’s Terror Trail, wherein a building façade was reconstructed over the Hill Street Tunnel to give an illusion of grand height on film – while actually being only a story and a half above a solid surface.)</p><br>
<p>The International Savings Building is seen clearly in a large photograph (showing a stuntman climbing it for Safety Last!) on page 140 of the book, Hollywood – The Pioneers by Kevin Brownlow (Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1979).</p><br>
<h3>Adaptive reuse</h3><br>
<p>The Brockman Building was converted into an 80-unit condominium project from 2006 to 2008, however the building&#39;s owner filed for bankruptcy protection before the project was completed. The building was owned by Bank of America until April 2012, when it was purchased by Simpson Housing LLC of Denver, in what was reported as "the second highest price-per-unit sale in Downtown Los Angeles’ history." There were reportedly 26 offers for the building.</p><br>
<p>Renamed the Brockman Lofts, they are now luxury rental apartments with largely-finished loft interiors.</p><br>
<p>The Bottega Louie restaurant has operated on the building&#39;s ground floor since 2009.</p><br>
<p>Martinsburg Mining, Manufacturing & Improvement Co. Historic District is a national historic district located at Martinsburg, Berkeley County, West Virginia. It encompasses 289 contributing buildings located within 19 city blocks and built between 1891 and 1952. It includes a residential area developed by the Martinsburg Mining, Manufacturing & Improvement Co. as worker housing. They are one to -story, single family, detached, semi-detached, and multi-unit housing built in wood frame, brick or brick veneer, and concrete block. Also located in the district is the Gothic Revival-style St. Luke&#39;s United Methodist Church. It includes examples of vernacular interpretations of popular architectural styles including Queen Anne, American Four Square, and Bungalow styles.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Wind Cave National Park Administrative and Utility Area Historic District comprises the central portion of Wind Cave National Park in South Dakota. The district centers on the historic entrance to Wind Cave, which is surrounded by park administrative and interpretive structures, most of which were built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in the 1930s.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The historic entrance to Wind Cave, discovered in 1881, was modified to allow better access to the natural entrance by blasting. A new passage was created, also by blasting, to allow visitor access. between 1892 and 1894, with another entrance blasted in 1936 by the CCC. The same year, a visitor center was built a short distance away overlooking the stream valley behind. Auxiliary buildings include the 1905 Superintendents Cottage, the 1934 Superintendents Residence, several employee residences, a ranger dormitory and mess hall, and other structures, mostly dating to the 1930s. The planned landscape blends with its environment, using a modified version of the National Park Service Rustic style.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 11, 1984.</p><br>
<p>The John Sprunt Hill House is a historic house at 900 S. Duke street in Durham, North Carolina, in the Morehead Hill Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1911–1912, it was the home of John Sprunt Hill (1869–1961) and his wife Annie Watts Hill (died 1940), daughter of George Washington Watts, co-founder of the American Tobacco Company. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>Hill bequeathed the Spanish Colonial Revival mansion to a foundation created in memory of his wife. The Annie Watts Hill Foundation was created to support non-sectarian, non-political female organizations.</p><br>
<p>Swan Pond Manor Historic District is a national historic district located near Martinsburg, Berkeley County, West Virginia, USA It encompasses 21 contributing buildings, one site, and one structure, over 2,465 acres. The agricultural district boundaries reflect the Swan Pond Manor land of Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, which he set aside in 1747 as a part of his Northern Neck Territory for his personal use. Notable buildings include the Capt. James Mason House, Kroh-Sprinkle House , Jacob A. Small House, Robert Carter Willis House, Dr. Williams House , "Hollidale," and "Wood Haven" , Raleigh Morgan House. Also located in the district is the separately listed Swan Pond.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Adaland  is a historic house located at Berryburg, Barbour County, West Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It was built in 1868 and is a two-story, L-shaped, Greek Revival style brick house. It sits on a cut fieldstone foundation on top of a hill with an excellent view of the surrounding hills, farms, mines, and gardens. Also on the property are a contributing carriage house (1872) and 19th century barn. The property was purchased by West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals Justice Ira E. Robinson in 1920. It is open as a historic house museum.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995. In 1996, the house and surrounding properties were donated to the City of Philippi, West Virginia by a nearby coal company. The house is now maintained by a private non-profit organization and is open for various types of tours, teas, weddings, luncheons, dinner theaters, and other occasions.</p><br>
<p>J. N. B. Crim House is a historic home located at Elk City, Barbour County, West Virginia. It was built in 1874–1875, and is a two-story, L-shaped, Italianate style brick house. It features an entrance portico with a flat roof supported by eight wrought iron columns. Joseph Napoleon Bonaparte Crim , for whom it was built, was a prominent local merchant and banker.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Bernard E. Wilmoth House is a historic home in Belington, Barbour County, West Virginia, United States. It was built in 1911–13, and is a -story Queen Anne-style house. It is built of speckled tan-colored bricks. It features a variety of window styles and a large verandah on one and one half sides of the house.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Peck-Crim-Chesser House is a historic home located at Philippi, Barbour County, West Virginia, US. It was built in 1884, and is a large, two-story red brick house on a limestone foundation. It features highly pitched multiple gables and tall chimneys with corbeled caps. The house is a significant local example of Late Victorian architecture, and was for many years associated with descendants and members of the locally prominent Peck and Crim families.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was designed and built by Cora May Crim Peck (1859-1948) and Melville Peck (1855-?), its first owners. Cora May was the daughter of prominent local businessman J.N.B. Crim. Peck was a prominent lawyer. Together they established the Tygarts Valley Star Weekly newspaper. Peck was elected mayor of Philippi twice. The Pecks moved to Richmond, Virginia in 1904. The house was purchased by Cora&#39;s brother, Edmund Hall Crim (1864-1920), a banker and businessman. Crim was robbed and murdered in New York City on a business trip, and his widow Virginia Talbott Crim, and their daughter Lucille Crim Chesser continued to live in the house. Lucille and her husband owned the house into the 1980s.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The house is one for the few substantial brick houses in Philippi. The two-story house has an irregular plan with steeply-pitched roofs and gables. Windows have stone sills matching the limestone foundation. The front of the house features a wide porch with Tuscan columns that extens part of the way down both side elevations. There is another porch at the rear.</p><br>
<p>The stair hall is open to the second floor. Its stairway features highly-detailed wood trim and wainscoting. The interior retains an extensive amount of carpentry finishes in nearly original form, including open wood screens with turned spindles, pocketed doors, and library shelving.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Whitescarver Hall is a historic dormitory building located on the campus of Alderson Broaddus University at Philippi, Barbour County, West Virginia, United States. It was built in 1911&ndash;1912, and is a three-story white brick building in the Neoclassical style. It measures 40 feet by 90 feet. It features a hipped roof covered in red tile and four classical pilaster topped with Ionic order capitals.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Whitescarver Hall is built of white pressed brick with carved limestone accents and details. The three-story building has a red tile hipped roof with deep overhangs. The front is accented by two-story Ionic pilasters, which corners are quoined.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Whitescarver Hall was built as a boys&#39; dormitory in 1912, named after Alderson Broaddus donor George M. Whiitescarver. It was designed by architects Holmboe and Lafferty of Clarksburg, West Virginia. It is the oldest building on the Alderson Broaddus campus. The building was the only male residence hall on campus from 1912 to the early 1950s, and continued in use as a residence hall until 1975, when it was converted to administrative use.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Philippi Historic District  is national historic district located at Philippi, Barbour County, West Virginia, USA. It encompasses 113 contributing buildings and one contributing structure dating from the mid-19th century through early 20th century. The district includes the commercial, ecclesiastical, and civic core of the town situated along the Tygart Valley River.</p><br>
<p>The PHD includes a number of buildings representative of popular architectural styles including Queen Anne, Italianate, and Greek Revival. Located within the district are the separately listed Barbour County Courthouse, Philippi B & O Railroad Station, Philippi Covered Bridge, and Peck-Crim-Chesser House.</p><br>
<p>The PHD was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Fendall Hall, also known as the Young–Dent Home, is an Italianate-style historic house museum in Eufaula, Alabama, United States. The two-story wood-frame structure, with a symmetrical villa-type floor-plan and crowning cupola, was built between 1856 and 1860 by Edward Brown Young and his wife, Ann Fendall Beall. It remained in the Young family for five generations, passing to the builders’ daughter, Anna Beall Young, and her husband, Stouten Hubert Dent in 1879. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 28, 1970. The Alabama Historical Commission acquired it in 1973 and restored it to an appearance appropriate to a time-frame spanning 1880–1916.</p><br>
<p>Edward Brown Young, a native of New York City, married Ann Fendall Beall of Warren County, Georgia. The couple moved to Eufaula in 1837, where he engaged in banking and entrepreneurial endeavors. Young is credited with sponsoring the change of the town name from Irwinton to its original Muscogee name, Eufaula.</p><br>
<p>The Lebanon Southern Pacific Railroad Depot is a former railway station located in Lebanon, Oregon, Oregon, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was constructed in 1908 for use by the Southern Pacific Company , to replace an 1880 depot that had become too small for the amount of traffic it was handling. It is a Southern Pacific standard design, a One Story Combination Depot No. 23, which was intended to serve both freight and passenger traffic. The building ceased to be used by passenger services in the mid-1950s, after which it remained in use as a base for freight operations. The depot closed in 1985 and was then vacant for several years, until the City of Lebanon purchased it from SP in 1996. It was added to the NRHP in 1997.</p><br>
<p>Madison National Bank, now known as Boone-Madison Public Library, is a historic bank building located at Madison, Boone County, West Virginia, United States. It was built in 1918, and is a three-story, rectangular, brick building with a symmetrical limestone façade in the Beaux-Arts style. It has a flat roof and parapet. The front facade features a three-story, multi-light, arched window opening flanked on either side by Corinthian order pilasters. The building housed a bank until 1974, when it was donated to the Library Commission.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Willamette Valley and Coast Railroad Depot is a former railway station located in Corvallis, Oregon, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was constructed in 1887 by the Willamette Valley and Coast Railroad , which since 1880 had been controlled by the Oregon Pacific Railroad Company. That railroad went bankrupt in 1894 and was replaced in 1895 by the new Oregon Central and Eastern Railway, which was reorganized as the Corvallis and Eastern Railroad in 1897. The depot is also known as the Corvallis and Eastern Freight Depot .</p><br>
<p>The depot was originally located at a different site, on Washington Avenue near 9th Street. The rail line was sold to Southern Pacific Railroad (SP) in December 1907. In 1910, the building was moved to a site on 7th Street at Western Blvd., replaced by a new cast-stone SP depot at the original location, but remained in use for freight at its new location. In 1927, it was moved yet again, to its present site, on 7th Street at Washington Avenue. The rail line on which the former WV&C Railroad depot is located has been leased by SP to the Willamette and Pacific Railroad since 1991. Of properties inventoried up to 1997, this depot is the oldest surviving two-story, wood-frame railroad depot in Oregon. The station was added to the NRHP in 1997.</p><br>
<p>Nellis Historic District is a national historic district located at Nellis, Boone County, West Virginia. It encompasses 82 contributing buildings, three contributing structures, and one contributing object. The district includes the commercial, ecclesiastical, and residential buildings built by the Nellis Coal Company as a planned community between 1920 and 1955. The community was a model for coal communities in Boone County and the southern coal fields. Included in the district is the Nellis Church / Nellis Archives , stone wall constructed by the Works Progress Administration , coal company storage building , Nellis Company Store and Offices , community bulletin board , Superintendent&#39;s House , and clubhouse .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Michael Smith House is a historic home located near Cedarville, Braxton County, West Virginia. The original section, measuring 22 feet by 19 feet, was built in 1848, and constructed of large hand-hewn logs supported by a foundation of rock pillars spaced about ten feet apart. In 1878, a log addition, 18 feet by 19 feet, was added to the west end of the log house. The house has a six-foot porch across the entire front. The house was built as part of a settlement of German immigrants.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Cunningham House and Outbuildings, also known as Cunningham Farm, is a historic home located near Napier, Braxton County, West Virginia. The house dates to the 1830s, and is a two-story, log structure sided with white clapboards. Also located on the property is a food cellar and granary. The buildings are representative of traditional central West Virginia subsistence farming techniques. The site was purchased by the Army Corps of Engineers during the development of Burnsville Lake, and is administered as part of the Bulltown Historic Area.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Union Civil War Fortification, also known as Bulltown Civil War Site, is a historic archaeological site located near Napier, Braxton County, West Virginia. The site relates to the American Civil War Battle of Bulltown, that took place on October 13, 1863. During test excavations in the 1970s, remnants of structures, features, and artifacts were recovered. The site was purchased by the Army Corps of Engineers during the development of Burnsville Lake, and is administered as part of the Bulltown Historic Area.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>William Edgar Haymond House is a historic home located at Sutton, Braxton County, West Virginia. It was designed in 1894, and is a -story wood-frame dwelling in the Queen Anne-style. It sits on a sandstone foundation and features a porch supported by four round Doric order columns. Also on the property is a garage dated to the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>The Shorter Mansion is a Classical Revival-style historic house museum in Eufaula, Alabama, United States. The two-story masonry structure was originally built in 1884-1885 by Eli Sims Shorter II and his wife, Wileyna Lamar Shorter but burned in 1895. The house, as seen today, was constructed in late 1895 by T. H. Adams with modifications done in 1902-1903 by architect C. A. Stevens of Eufaula, AL, 1. Eli Sims Shorter died in 1908, but his wife resided in the house until 1927, when it was passed to their daughter, Fannie Shorter Upshaw. It was in turn inherited by Upshaw&#39;s daughter, Wileyna S. Kennedy, in 1959.</p><br>
<p>The Kennedy family moved away from the city and the house was purchased by the Eufaula Heritage Association, initially formed in order to buy and restore the house, at auction for $33,000 in 1965. The Eufaula Heritage Association organized the city&#39;s first pilgrimage in 1966 and became the primary historic preservation organization in Eufaula, a role it continues to fulfill to the present day. The Association offers tours of the Shorter Mansion year round.</p><br>
<p>The mansion was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 14, 1972.</p><br>
<p>Old Sutton High School, also known as Sutton Grade School, was a historic school located at Sutton, Braxton County, West Virginia. It was built in 1906, and was a three-story red brick building. It measured 68 feet by 64 feet and featured a three-story, truncated entrance tower. It housed eight classrooms, a full basement, and an auditorium on the third floor. Rooms had high, pressed tin ceilings.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, and demolished in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Sutton Downtown Historic District is a national historic district located at Sutton, Braxton County, West Virginia. It encompasses 85 contributing buildings and two contributing structures covering eleven square blocks. The district includes the commercial, ecclesiastical, and civic core of the town and surrounding residential area. The district includes a number of buildings representative of popular architectural styles from the late-19th century and early-20th century including Romanesque Revival, Colonial Revival, Gothic Revival, and Greek Revival. Notable buildings include the Braxton County Courthouse  and Jail , Sutton Bank Building , Farmers Bank and Trust , Bank of Sutton , Methodist Episcopal Church, South , Kelly / Fisher House . Elk / Midway Hotel , and Katie B. Frame Residence . The two structures are the Bridge over Old Woman Run  and Bridge over Elk .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>Windy Run Grade School, also known as Windy Run School, is a historic one-room school located near Tesla, Braxton County, West Virginia. It was built in 1889, and is a one-story wood-frame structure measuring 24 feet wide and 28 feet deep. Also on the property is a small, gable roofed privy. It ceased use as a school in 1963.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Russian Village District comprises 15 folk architecture style houses and was built by Konstanty  Stys, a Polish  immigrant, and others during the Great Depression. It is located at the intersection of South Mills Avenue and East Cucamonga Avenue in Claremont, California. Although the street addresses are in Claremont, portions of many of the parcels in the district lie within the city of Montclair in San Bernardino County. The historic district was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Konstanty Stys (1894-1961) was born in Poland, immigrated to the United States and settled in Youngstown, Ohio. He became a steelworker, married and started a family. Stys and his family came to California in 1921 and lived in Pomona. He then moved to Claremont and found work in construction. He bought the land on the east side of Mills Avenue and began building his houses. The local residents nicknamed these houses the "Russian Village", assuming that Stys came from Russia.</p><br>
<p>Stys and the other people who built homes in the district had no formal training in the design and construction of houses. Only one house in the district was designed by a professional architect.</p><br>
<p>Many of Stys&#39;s friends were unemployed during the Great Depression and several lost their homes. Stys sold off portions of his land for low prices, often asking for no down payment, and helped them build inexpensive houses out of salvaged and recycled materials.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>House at 290 South Mills Avenue. This house was constructed in 1927. The original interior was 700 ft&sup2;. The house is wood frame and the exterior is made of the local field stones. The interior framing of studs, rafters and joists are made up of used materials, some of the wood was previously painted and some had existing square-head nails.</p><br>
<p>House at 305 South Mills Avenue. The parcel is located on the corner of South Mills Avenue and East Cucamonga Avenue. Originally built in 1937 as the office and workshop of the Lay-Mor block company owned by Konstanty Stys and Merle Mead, the office has been a private home for several decades and the workshop has been restored. The buildings are made of the Lay-Mor blocks, local river rock in the hearth, and various salvaged materials including sidewalk concrete and telephone poles.</p><br>
<p>House at 306 South Mills Avenue. The parcel that house sits on is partially within the city of Montclair. This is the first house built in what would become the Russian Village. It was built by Konstanty Stys as his own house. Stys began building on this parcel in 1923. The first structure was the garage, where Stys and his family lived while he built the main house. The main house was completed in 1925. The exterior of the house is made up wood siding and stone. Stys landscaped the yard with stone walkways, planters, and walls.</p><br>
<p>House at 315 South Mills Avenue. The house was built in 1935 by Stys and Mead. The exterior is made of pavement blocks and stucco.</p><br>
<p>House at 316 South Mills Avenue. The parcel that this house sits on is partially within the city of Montclair. This house was built in 1932 by Raymond Yerkes. During the two years that this house was under construction, Yerkes was living in Pomona. Yerkes was helped by Stys and another neighbor, Merle Mead. The house was built of stone as well as concrete forms from construction sites of Pomona College. A railroad tie was used to support the large window in the living room. In 1938, the garage was converted into a studio. The interior walls and cupboards of the studio were made of wood recovered from a railroad car.</p><br>
<p>House and apartment at 330 and 336 South Mills Avenue. This parcel partially lies within the city of Montclair. This house was built in 1933 by Stys for Floyd Underwood. This house is the only one in the district designed by an architect. Peter Ficker, the architect, owed Stys for some work Stys did. In lieu of payment, Ficker designed the house. Stys misread the plans, and started building the house in the wrong part of the lot. Underwood then sold the house to Stys. The house has exteriors of stone. The interior doors were salvaged from the demolition of the Raymond Hotel in Pasadena. Stys rented the house out before selling it to Erle Bunker in 1938</p><br>
<p>The apartment was built over the garage by Bunker in the early 1940s.</p><br>
<p>House at 333 South Mills Avenue. Stys began construction of this house, then gave it to his niece and her husband, Clarence Michael, as a wedding gift. Michael continued construction of the house and completed it in 1933. The exterior of the house is stone, with railroad ties used as supports in the windows.</p><br>
<p>House at 339 South Mills Avenue. This house was built in 1939 by Clarence Michael, nephew by marriage of Stys. The Michaels first lived next door in a smaller house at 333 S. Mills Ave. The exterior was made of stone, the tiles for the roof came from a school in Placentia that was damaged in the 1933 Long Beach earthquake, and the interior walls and framing came from salvage and wrecking yards.</p><br>
<p>Houses at 343, 345, and 353 South Mills Avenue. These three interconnected houses were built by Stys in 1936 for use by an extended family. The center house at 345 S. Mills Ave is two stories. The exterior is red sandstone salvaged from the old courthouse in Los Angeles when it was razed. The supports for the staircase in the center house are made of telephone poles.</p><br>
<p>House at 350 South Mills Avenue. The parcel partially lies within the city of Montclair. This house was built in 1935 by Stys and is in an H shape. There is a second story on the leg at the rear of the house. The exterior walls were made of concrete blocks recovered from street repairs. The local highway department crews delivered these blocks to Stys at Stys&#39;s request. The interior walls were made of wood salvaged from wrecking yards. The tiles for the roof came the school in Placentia that was damaged in the 1933 Long Beach earthquake.</p><br>
<p>House at 365 South Mills Avenue. This house was built in 1935 by Paul Honneker. The exterior is stone and stucco. There are stone walls and planters in the yards of the house.</p><br>
<p>House at 369 South Mills Avenue. This house was built as a garage and workshop in 1938. The exterior is field stone. It was converted into a home in the early 1950s.</p><br>
<p>House at 370 South Mills Avenue. This house, at the corner of S. Mills ave. and Moreno St., was built in 1928 and is mostly in Montclair, California. Burton Blanchard paid Stys $400 for the lot. Stys advised Burton on the construction. The exterior is made of up concrete blocks taken from San Antonio Avenue and Holt Boulevard during repairs of those streets. The roof tiles were taken from a school in Glendora that was being demolished. The interior materials include pavement, railroad ties, and oil cans filled with cement. An addition was made to the house in the 1940s. Former residents of the house include the actor Maurice Jara and the composer Daniel James Wolf</p><br>
<p>House at 480 East Cucamonga Avenue. This house was built in 1934 by Merle Mead. Mead was a carpenter. The house was originally built as a garage, but Mead changed his mind. Mead and Stys were in business together in the manufacture of interlocking blocks that they called "Lay-Mor". The house is built of the Lay-Mor blocks.</p><br>
<h2>Cucamonga properties</h2><br>
<p>A satellite of Russian Village is the present-day Cask n Cleaver restaurant in Cucamonga, originally an orchard house designed and built by Stys. Adjacent and north of the Cask n Cleaver buildings, a low-lying stone wall and seven redwood bungalows, built by Stys, and made from lumber recovered from wreckage in the Long Beach earthquake were demolished for the new Los Amigos city park, reusing lumber for a shade structure, and river rocks to ornate some structures. Rancho Cucamonga Redevelopment Agency was awarded a Proposition 84 grant in 2011, acquired the property, construction began in March 2016, and opened in Spring 2017.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>Stys bought the land around S. Mills Ave in the 1920s and built his first house. The house was built of local materials and items that he salvaged, recycled and reused. During the Great Depression, Stys sold portions of his land to friends and acquaintances for low prices and loans that incurred little to no interest. Stys helped these people build houses with native rocks and items recycled from salvage yards, demolished buildings, and construction debris from roads and buildings (notably from construction of the Claremont Colleges).</p><br>
<p>Stys first helped Merle Mead, who built his house on Cucamonga Ave. Stys and Mead then helped Raymond Yerkes. Stys gave a house to his niece as a wedding gift. Burton Blanchard was 19 years old when Stys sold him a parcel of land without any down payment. It was the hard times of the Depression that helped to create this sense of community in these houses. The use of salvaged materials was an economic way to build houses.</p><br>
<p>There was no plan in the creation of this district. The houses were built at random. They became unified by the use of the same materials and by the association of the owners to Konstanty Stys.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed in the National Register of Historic Places because of the unique nature of the folk architecture and also because of the social and economic setting during the Great Depression that allowed for these 15 houses to be built.</p><br>
<p>Gassaway station, also known as Coal & Coke Railway Company Depot, is a historic railway depot located at Gassaway, Braxton County, West Virginia. It was built in 1914, by the Coal and Coke Railway and later acquired by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. It is a two-story, brick and stone, Romanesque Revival-style building measuring 78 feet wide and 35 feet deep. It features two projecting pavilions, each 26 feet long and projecting 6 feet. It has a hipped roof with red ceramic "French tile." Passenger service ceased in 1953, and the depot continued use as a maintenance shop through 1988.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994 as the Gassaway Depot.</p><br>
<p>The Charlton–King–Vandam Historic District is a small historic district in Lower Manhattan, New York City. Designated by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission  in 1966, the district contains "the city&#39;s largest concentration of row houses in the Federal style, as well as a significant concentration of Greek Revival houses." It is sometimes included as part of the South Village  or Hudson Square , though it is historically distinct from both neighborhoods.</p><br>
<p>The district includes parts, but not all, of Charlton, King and Vandam Streets between the Avenue of the Americas (Sixth Avenue) and Varick Street (the southern extension of Seventh Avenue), as well as the block bounded by King, MacDougal and Houston Streets and Sixth Avenue. In its designation report, the NYCLPC emphasized that this area was not a modern creation but had once been part of a larger "distinct and separate neighborhood" that was generally developed between 1820 and 1829 and originally extended from the Hudson River (then at Greenwich Street) to MacDougal Street, and from Vandam Street to King Street.</p><br>
<p>In 1973, the district was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Charlton–King–Vandam area was part of the estate of Richmond Hill, a Georgian mansion built in 1767 and said to be one of the most beautiful mansions in Manhattan. It was used by George Washington during the American Revolution as a headquarters and later became John Adams Vice Presidential Mansion when the new countrys capital was New York City. Aaron Burr bought the mansion, and after living in it for a time and using it as the site of lavish parties, it was Burr who, in 1797, mapped the property, dividing it into lots and laying out the grid of three streets, which would become Charlton, King and Vandam. After Burr&#39;s duel with Alexander Hamilton, he lost control of the estate to John Jacob Astor, the leading land developer of the time, who paid off Burr in 1817 and proceeded to develop the area.</p><br>
<p>Astor had the mansion moved from the top of the hill it stood on to the corner of Charlton and Varick, and the hill was levelled; the mansion was subsequently used as a theatre. Builders bought the majority of the lots Astor laid out, so that much of the construction in the neighborhood took place in the early and mid-1820s, although some Greek Revival houses date from the 1840s, replacing houses destroyed by fire. After the mansion was razed in 1849, the neighborhood name "Richmond Hill" fell into disuse.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The north sides of Charlton and Vandam Streets display "exceptional examples" as well as houses showing elements transitional to the early Greek Revival style. King Street has a more varied mix, including Greek Revival houses, particularly those at #20 and #40-44, and houses in the Federal, Anglo-Italianate and Roman Revival styles. King also includes the former Public School 8, now converted to residences, designed by David Skagg and built in 1886, which has been characterized as a "lively Queen Anne-style building".</p><br>
<p>The Alamo Cenotaph, also known as The Spirit of Sacrifice, is a monument in San Antonio, Texas, United States, commemorating the Battle of the Alamo of the Texas Revolution, which was fought at the adjacent Alamo Mission. The monument was erected in celebration of the centenary of the battle, and bears the names of those known to have fought there on the Texas side.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Although there had been previous plans for Alamo monuments, starting in the late 1800s, the Alamo Cenotaph was the first such erected in San Antonio. (There had been one previous monument in Austin, but it was lost in a Capitol fire.) During the 1936 Texas Centennial celebration, the state of Texas provided $100,000 for the monument, commissioned from local sculptor Pompeo Coppini. San Antonio mayor Maury Maverick held a dedication ceremony on November 11, 1940.</p><br>
<p>The shaft rises sixty feet from its base which is forty feet long and twelve feet wide. The monument was erected in grey Georgia marble and pink Texas granite. It was entitled The Spirit of Sacrifice and incorporates images of the Alamo garrison leaders and 187 names of known Alamo defenders, derived from the research of historian Amelia Williams. Later research has shown some listed on the cenotaph were not there, and the total of Alamo combatants has risen with newer research.</p><br>
<h2>Inscription</h2><br>
<p>The marker on the cenotaph reads:</p><br>
<p>Erected in memory of the heroes who sacrificed their lives at the Alamo, March 6, 1836, in the defense of Texas. They chose never to surrender nor retreat; these brave hearts, with flag still proudly waving, perished in the flames of immortality that their high sacrifice might lead to the founding of this Texas.</p><br>
<h2>Battle of the Alamo</h2><br>
<p>After putting down resistance in other regions of Mexico, in the spring of 1836 Santa Anna led a Mexican army back into Texas and marched on San Antonio, intending to avenge the humiliating defeat of Cos and end the Texian rebellion. Texian leader Sam Houston, believing that San Antonio could not be defended against a determined effort by the regular Mexican army, called for the Texian forces to abandon the city.</p><br>
<p>A volunteer force under the joint command of William Barrett Travis, newly arrived in Texas, and James Bowie, and including Davy Crockett and his company of Tennesseans, and Juan Seguin&#39;s company of Hispanic Texan volunteers occupied and fortified the deserted mission and determined to hold San Antonio against all opposition.</p><br>
<p>The defenders of the Alamo thus included both Anglo and Hispanic Texans who fought side by side under a banner that was the flag of Mexico with the numerals "1824" superimposed. This was meant to indicate that the defenders were fighting for their rights to democratic government under the Mexican constitution of that year. It was only during the siege that the Texas Congress declared an independent Republic of Texas.</p><br>
<p>The Battle of the Alamo took place from February 23 to March 6, 1836. At first the battle was primarily a siege marked by artillery duels and small skirmishes. After twelve days Santa Anna, tired of waiting for his heavy artillery and eager for a glorious victory to enhance his reputation, determined to take the Alamo by storm.</p><br>
<p>Before dawn on March 6, he launched his troops against the walls of the Alamo in three separate attacks. The third attack overwhelmed the defenses of the weak north wall. The defenders retreated to the now famous Long Barracks and the Chapel and fought to the last man. Most historians agree that a few of the defenders were captured but were executed as rebels on the specific orders of Santa Anna. The deaths of these "Martyrs to Texas Independence" inspired greater resistance to Santa Anna&#39;s regime, and the cry "Remember the Alamo" became the rallying point of the Texas Revolution.</p><br>
<h2>Ozzy Osbourne incident</h2><br>
<p>In 1982, Ozzy Osbourne, while wearing his future wife&#39;s dress because she had hidden his clothes, drunkenly urinated on the Alamo Cenotaph. A police officer arrested him, and Osbourne was subsequently banned from performing in San Antonio for a decade.</p><br>
<h2>Renovation and Ownership</h2><br>
<p>In 2020 Texas Land Commissioner George P. Bush (R) spearheaded a $450 million project in partnership with the City of San Antonio to renovate the Alamo which included moving the Cenotaph to make the plaza it&#39;s in “period neutral” and defended the action by saying that the Cenotaph is “basically falling apart from within.” Bush, who was also campaigning for the 2022 Texas Attorney General election, was heavily criticized for his management of the renovation project including by Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick who threatened to wrest control of the Alamo away from the General Land Office due to how the Alamo was to be presented at the site and due to the new museum which planned on focusing on the role slavery and Tejanos played in both the Alamo’s history and the Texas war for independence from Mexico. In the 2020 primary election, 97% of Republican voters approved a ballot proposition to keep the monument at its location, and Republican state lawmakers also denounced the proposal. In 2021 the San Antonio city council adopted a resolution to move ahead with modified renovations which would leave the Cenotaph in place.</p><br>
<p>In May 2024 the City of San Antonio formally transferred ownership of the monument over to the State of Texas. The state will be responsible for what are expected to be costly repairs, after a survey found that it will need a new foundation, and that rainwater has caused cracks that put it at risk of breaking apart.</p><br>
<p>Ongoing renovations can be viewed on a run by the Alamo Trust.</p><br>
<p>Burnsville Bridge is a historic Pratt-Through Truss bridge located at Burnsville, Braxton County, West Virginia. It was built in 1893, by the Variety Iron Works Company or Cleveland, Ohio and crosses the Little Kanawha River. It consists of two Truss spans and one girder span. The three spans are 44 feet, 138 feet, 3 inches, and 23 feet, 9 inches. The structure is supported on two stone piers and a stone abutment.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Weston and Gauley Bridge Turnpike is a segment of a historic turnpike and hiking trail located at Burnsville, Braxton County, West Virginia. It is a 10 mile long section of trail, approximately 20 feet in width, with an unpaved surface. It is administered by the Army Corps of Engineers. The route was built starting in 1847 to provide access to Sutton for transport of product to grist mills and sawmills, access to the Bulltown sawmills and salt works, and farmland in Lewis, Braxton, and Nicholas counties. During the American Civil War, the turnpike was used in 1861 by Union troops to move to take control of western Virginia. It was also critical in the movement of troops during the Battle of Bulltown on October 13, 1863.</p><br>
<p>The turnpike was one of the first in Virginia to run in a north-south orientation. It was originally proposed to link the Northwestern Turnpike to the Parkersburg-Staunton turnpike. The construction, funded partly by the selling of stock, was delayed by multiple instances of mismanagement and conflicts of interest.</p><br>
<p>The largest bridge on the turnpike, crossing the Elk River at Sutton, was a cable suspension bridge that spanned 460 feet and was completed before 1857.</p><br>
<p>Large sections of the original turnpike were incorporated into the building of US Route 19 in the 1920&#39;s. However, much of the modern highway is located in the bottoms of valleys and no longer follows the old alignments along the ridge tops. Thus, much of the bypassed section remains in essentially original condition</p><br>
<p>The preserved 10 mile long segment was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>The Ash Street School is a historic schoolhouse in Manchester, New Hampshire. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1975. The school occupies the city block bounded by Ash, Bridge, Maple, and Pearl Streets.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The school building is a French style Second Empire three-story brick building. Its windows are tall and narrow with rounded tops and are slightly recessed from the facade in a square niche; the window niches on the second floor have a further decorative brickwork border on top. The building&#39;s most prominent feature is its clock tower that rises four stories and is topped by a mansard roof.</p><br>
<p>Building of the 13,800 ft&sup2; schoolhouse took place in 1872 and 1874. It was finally completed and dedicated in 1874. The Amoskeag Company paid only.04 cents per square foot for the empty lot back in 1869.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed by George W. Stevens, civil engineer for the Amoskeag Company. The foundation was built by Gilman H. Kendall, the walls and roof by Alpheus Gay, and interior finish by Mead & Mason of Concord.</p><br>
<p>A model of the building won a gold medal for its innovative design at the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition in 1876. The shape of the building was designed to be that of a Greek cross, with arms 88 ft long and 32 ft wide. Each arm is aligned on the property so that each end faces one of the principal directions. All original classrooms (eight in total) had windows on three sides to allow light and adequate ventilation. The building was the first in the country with this design style.</p><br>
<p>The clock tower is 112 ft high. The bell alone within the clock tower weighs 2,100 lb.</p><br>
<p>The current owner, Nick Soggu, owner and founder of SilverTech, purchased the building for his corporation in November 2007.</p><br>
<p>Andrews Chapel, also known as the McIntosh Log Church, is a historic Methodist church building in McIntosh, Alabama. It is one of only a few remaining log churches in the state. It had its beginning in 1860 when John C. Rush and his wife donated land for the church to the Methodist McIntosh community. The church was built before the year ended. It was named for James Osgood Andrew, a bishop in the Methodist Episcopal Church, South.</p><br>
<p>The squared-log building features square notched corners and a wood shingle roof. A new church building was built in 1952 adjacent to the chapel. The chapel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 20, 1974.</p><br>
<p>Miss Willie&#39;s House, also known as the Dr. Samuel Welch House, is a historic brick Queen Anne-style house in Talladega, Alabama, USA. It was built by Dr. Samuel W. Welch and his wife Ethel in 1907. Upon the deaths of Dr. Welch and his wife, the house passed to their daughter, Miss Willie Wallace Welch, who lived in the house until her death in 1997. The house is a contributing property to the "Silk Stocking District", a historic district designated in 1979 by the National Register of Historic Places in Talladega County.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was designed by renowned architect Frank Lockwood of Montgomery, Alabama, and built by contractor Robert S. West, of Talladega. This duo collaborated on many of Talladega&#39;s historic homes and buildings. Dr. Welch served as the State Health Officer for Alabama and spent much of his career addressing health and medical issues across the State. He was also a Mason and an Odd Fellow. Miss Willie Welch was a lifelong bachelorette, a local historian, and was employed by the Talladega Public Library for over 30 years.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Welch Home is one of only three solid brick houses in Talladega County - the walls being double-brick (8" thick). It features three bay windows and 17 Grecian columns along the wraparound porch. Although the house is a single-story house, the roof was built tall and steep in case the attic was ever converted to living space. The floor plan is divided by a wide central hallway with rooms on each side. The extra-wide hallway was built to accommodate a staircase at the rear for access to the attic. Two of the four interior fireplaces feature French enameled mantles.</p><br>
<p>At the time of construction, neither gas nor electric lines had been installed in the neighborhood so the house was both wired for electric lighting and piped for gas lighting. Electric lines reached the neighborhood first, so electric light fixtures were purchased for the house. The gas pipes and fittings can still be seen in each room today.</p><br>
<p>The St. Stephens Courthouse, listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Washington County Courthouse and also known as the St. Stephens Masonic Lodge, is a historic former courthouse building in St. Stephens, Alabama. The Alabama Legislature authorized construction of the building in 1853 to serve as headquarters for the government of Washington County. The building was completed in 1854 and served as the county courthouse until 1907, when the county seat was moved to Chatom. It served a variety of purposes after that, until being restored in 2000 by the St. Stephens Historical Commission for use as a visitor center and local history museum.</p><br>
<p>The Courthouse Wash Pictographs are a series of large pictographs created over a long period of time, located on a sheltered sandstone wall at the mouth of Courthouse Wash, Arches National Park in Grand County, Utah, United States, just north of Moab, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places .</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The series of images depict a variety of figures, many of them anthropomorphic and measuring up to 5 ft in height. The Courthouse wash site is located near the junction of Courthouse Wash with the Colorado River, extending over a 100-meter section of cliff base. The pictographs include painted figures resembling those found in Horseshoe Canyon in Canyonlands National Park, 35 mi to the west. Other figures, including those of animals, have been incised by removal of the rock&#39;s covering of desert varnish. The painted figures follow the Barrier Canyon Style and are believed to be between 1500 and 4000 years old. The incised figures are attributed to the Fremont culture and are dated to about 1000-1200 AD. Figures mounted on horseback were created in historical times since the 16th century introduction of horses and are attributed to Navajo or Ute artists.</p><br>
<p>The site is accessible from a footpath, 0.5 mi from USA Route 191 northeast of Moab. The site was extensively vandalized in 1980, but has been conserved.</p><br>
<p>The Courthouse Wash site was placed on the NRHP on April 1, 1976.</p><br>
<p>Redwood Cottage is a Queen Anne-styled mansion built in 1885 as a summer cottage in Lake Geneva, Wisconsin. Later it served as a sanitarium and later as a hotel. In 1984 the house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Charles Minton Baker was a pioneer of Walworth county who arrived in 1839 and served as district attorney and in other public roles including representative to the Territorial Council. In 1870 he built or bought the brick Italianate house at 335 Wrigley Drive, known as the Baker homestead. Charles&#39; son Robert Hall Baker was a part-owner of J.I. Case among other investments, served as mayor of Racine, and played a key role in bringing the railroad to Lake Geneva in 1871. Robert died wealthy in 1882, leaving his widow Emily and four children.</p><br>
<p>Widow Emily redecorated the old Baker homestead in 1884, both for her children and for others in the Baker family. Then in 1885 she had her own "summer cottage" built next door - the subject of this article. That July the Geneva Lake Herald wrote:</p><br>
<p>The 17,000+ square foot, 30 room, Queen Anne style mansion is a frame building, two stories tall plus attic. The roofline is complex, with gabled dormers, large corbelled chimneys, and a round corner tower with a witch&#39;s cap roof. Bay windows and an inset balcony add to the visual interest, and the upper surfaces are decorated with different patterns of wood shingles. A large veranda wraps around the first story.</p><br>
<p>Inside, doors and windows are trimmed in redwood - hence the original name "Redwood Cottage." The floor plan is central corridor with rooms on both sides. On the first floor two parlors are on one side of the hall and three smaller rooms on the other side. A grand staircase connects the floors, lit by multicolored stained glass windows. The third floor was originally unfinished. The main rooms have fireplaces, twelve in all, some oak and some cherry, with mantles in a Victorian Renaissance style different from the Queen Anne around them.</p><br>
<p>Emily Baker summered at the cottage until she died in 1894. In 1897 Celinda Walkup bought the house for $15,000, and operated it as a sanitorium connected to the Lakeside Sanitarium next door in the former Lake Geneva Seminary. This sanitorium was one of many founded by Dr. Oscar A. King of Chicago, a pioneer neurologist. King&#39;s sanitariums primarily treated psychiatric problems, but could serve as general hospital facilities. This building, called "Lakeside Cottage," kept the feel of a private home, and offered recreational and social activities for the patients. It functioned as a sanitorium until 1925.</p><br>
<p>In 1926 Mr. Finsky bought the building and operated it as Lakeside Hotel until 1942. At that point Lloyd Barnard bought it and operated it as the St. Moritz Hotel, pitching a "Switzerland in America" idea with the Luzern Hotel next door. More recently, the mansion has been refashioned as a high-end B&B/restaurant.</p><br>
